Diesel engine operators are concerned with assured engine start, reduced engine wear etc., whilst petrol engine operators are looking for fuel saving and reduced running costs generally. The KENLOWE Hotstart is therefore ideal for both diesel and petrol vehicles and the advantages of both are covered throughout this publication.

ASSURED DIESEL ENGINE START
Diesel engines rely entirely on the heat generated by the compression stroke to give the required temperature to obtain self ignition of the fuel/air mixture in the cylinders. Normally with a low mileage engine and ambient air temperatures of +10イ and above, a gas temperature in the cylinder of 500イ or more is achieved during the initial compression stroke which is sufficient to give spontaneous ignition and the engine starts. On higher mileage engines or when air temperatures fall below +10イ (and on many mornings throughput the year they do), the ability of a diesel engine to start is greatly impaired! The cylinder walls, pistons and surrounding metal absorb the heat generated by the compression stroke and the required minimum temperature fdr ignition of 375イ, becomes more difficult to reach. At temperatures of zero or below starting can become almost impossible without some form of assistance, tart especially if the engine is not new. With older engines the first sign of wear is the reluctance to start on cold mornings, the slightest loss of compression means insufficient heat for combustion, even with the help of various aids engine start may not be achieved. The most logical and simple solution to this problem is heat, increase the block temperature and cold weather starting difficulties disappear. An engine at running temperature before you start will minimise the tendency for fuel to wax in the fuel filter, injectors or fuel lines. The KENLOWE Hotstart can extend the useful working life of an engine by many years, saving the cost of a new/reconditioned engine which, along with lost revenue during expensive downtime, can amount to a considerable sum.

Positive starting in the coldest weather (-9イ or colder) requires special low temperature fuels to prevent waxing in the tank.

ENGINE WEAR/ENGINE LIFE
Even fleet operators running modern low mileage vehicles which at the present time start without difficulty cannot ignore the increasing possibility that economic pressures may necessitate them keeping their vehicles much longer than before. Capital expenditure is always difficult to find or to commit during low levels of economic performance and it is entirely conceivable that fleet operators will require increasingly higher and higher mileages from their commercial vehicles. Therefore whilst KENLOWE Hotstart significantly helps an old, high mileage diesel engine to start, operators of more modern fleets can preserve the life of their engines by avoiding cold starts which can be directly attributable to up to 80% of engine wear. KENLOWE Hotstart will ensure easy engine starting even in the coldest weather now and way into the future, ensuring every vehicle performs on time day in, day out. Large carriers with overnight national next day deliveries work their vehicles on a three shifl system taking care never to switch the engine off except for oil changes, and their engines regularly last 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 miles often without needing any engine maintenance at all - illustrating in the most positive way what can be achieved by avoiding cold starts!

LOWER FLEET RUNNING COSTS
Achieving a cold start for many fleet operators involves the practice of bringing staff in at 4.00 or 5.00 am to tow vehicles around the yard until enough engine heat has been generated to create spontaneous combustion - the high cost of labour working unsociable hours is just one consequence - disturbance to the surrounding communities can be considerable especially if operators have to adopt this practice on upwards of 10 or 20 vehicles whilst the rest of the community is still asleep! Leaving engines running for long periods to warm up the outfit is not only an inefficient and costly use of limited fuel resources but it compounds the difficulties operators face in co-existing with domestic households that are adjacent to many fleet operators. In some cases local planning officers have taken action to impose constraints which affect a company's trading position! Ironically running a cold engine until warm causes up to 80% engine wear - as well as damaging community relations for 2-3 hours a day 300 days or so a year! Use a KENLOWE Hotstart year round to eliminate these problems and save money!

ENVIRONMENT
WHITE SMOKE EMISSIONS
Laws are being introduced to stop white smoke emissions which are very toxic and which are caused through cold starting e.g. condensation in the cylinder hores, etc.

HYDROCARBONS
Hydrocarbon emissions are always highest during a cold start and whilst warming up these are damaging to the ozone layer in particular and the atmosphere generally: a KENLOWE Hotstart eliminates much of this unnecessary pollution.

CATALYTIC CONVERTERS
The Daily Telegraph reported in Dec. '89 that catalytic converters do not work when cold. Some catalytic converters actually incur a fuel penalty and cause more pollution when the engine is cold than a vehicle without a catalytic converter.

THE PENALTIES OF SHORT JOURNEYS
Short journeys such as occur with local deliveries and emergency standby vehicle duty means that without pre-heating nearly all the day's engine starts are with a cold engine where up to 80% of engine wear takes place. Pollution is high and economy low during short journeys and in some cases the whole journey will be carried with a cold engine, which has the extra disadvantage or resulting in poor demisting and cabin heating. Emergency vehicles in particular often need full performance right from the off, which is bad for the engine and can cause a potentially dangerous situation at busy intersections, KENLOWE Hotstart overcomes all these difficulties.

PETROL ENGINE FUEL SAVINGS
Cold engines need a rich mixture to start and run whether carburettor or fuel injected. The graph shows up to 46% of fuel is wasted during the first few miles from cold and not even the most modern engine becomes fuel efficient until the engine block has reached full working temperature. The KENLOWE Hotstart ensures the block as well as the coolant is at running temperature before you set off, making poor fuel consumption on short journeys a thing of the past - even on a journey as long as 9 miles you save 12% of your fuel. Of course, being at full running temperature before you start means you arrive at the end of even a short journey with more heatsoak in the engine block than would occur without pre-heating and some residual heat is stored for long periods in the engine block which minimises any tendency for choke to be needed when restarting later in the day. Eight hours of daytime winter ambient temperatures are much milder than a sixteen hour overnight period when the engine is not run! High fuel costs, such as during the Gulf crisis of 1990 or on vehicles with high fuel consumption, such as 4x4 off- road vehicles used for everyday use, turns the percentage of fuel saved into a significant annual sum.

What % saving would you make on your journey? Graph shows fuel wasted when starting from cold. Remember the Kenlowe engine pre-heater avoids need for choke or enrichment if the engine is fuel injected.

COMFORT
KENLOWE Hotstart means you can leave your centrally-heated home without dressing for a trip to the Arctic - gloves, coats and scarves inhibit driver control and if your journey is more than a few miles soon become uncomfortable. A blast of cold air is replaced by comforting warm air and even vehicles made in the 90's are uncomfortably like a 1950's home without central heating for the first few miles without KENLOWE Hotstart.

DEMISTING
Only hot air can de-ice windows, and keep them free from misting up - all round clear vision is not just common sense it is a legal requirement. Peering through a small patch that you can reach to keep free of moisture limits peripheral vision to a dangerous degree - in addition warm breath turns to moisture on a cold screen when the glass is below the dew point temperature of the breath from the driver and passengers. Frosted or iced over windows due to the vehicle being left out in the open, can now be de-frosted or de-iced without resorting to the chilling job of scraping the windows or using expensive chemicals, neither of which avoid the glass misting up as soon as you are inside the vehicle.